Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood. This chapter traces physical growth during the first two years - one of the most remarkable and busiest times of development. We will see how rapid changes in the infant's body and brain support learning, motor skills, and perceptual capacities.
1. One significant learning I wanted to point out for this chapter is the Influences on Early Physical Growth. Physical growth, like other aspects of development, results from the continuous and complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Heredity, nutrition, and emotional well-being all affect early physical growth. First factor is Heredity. The example I wanted to give for this is having poor diet and health. I believe that when a baby is in the mothers womb, the baby is affected to what the mother is eating and not eating. For instance, a friend of mine was not eating the right kind of foods while she was pregnant. Instead of having a nine month pregnancy, she had a six month pregnancy. Her baby became premature because of the lack of nutrition she was consuming. Note: genetic makeup also affects body weight: The weights of adopted children correlate more strongly with those of their biological than their adoptive parents. The second factor is Nutrition. It is especially crucial for development in the first two years because the baby's brain and body are growing so rapidly. The book says that babies need extra calories to keep rapidly developing organs functioning properly. (Trahms & Pipes, 1997). An example of this is breastfeeding, it is something that all mothers look forward to after giving birth because this is the first time their babies will receive the correct nutrition. Breastfeeding has many benefits, babies in poverty stricken regions are much less likely to be malnourished and 6 to 14 times more to survive the first year of life. Breastfeeding is better than the formula milk because the milk is coming directly straight to the mother herself. Lastly, emotional well-being. We may not think of affection and stimulation as necessary for healthy physical growth, but they are just as vital as food. "Nonorganic failure to thrive, a growth disorder resulting from lack of parental love, is usually present by 18 months of age." (Black, 2005). I believe that the mother should be hands on to their new born babies. More hands on than ever because even though babies are not well developed, they can/need to warmth of their mothers or even fathers.
2. These concepts are important and will apply to the learner because physical growth, like other aspects of development, results from the continuous and complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. I believe that without knowing these high risk factors as an incoming parent(s), a child might be affected undeveloped conditions. Even just eating healthy during pregnancy so that the baby will come out of the mother's womb healthy. Without the proper nutrition during pregnancy and even after pregnancy, a child might not have proper cognitive development. I wanted to share my experience with one of my close friends. One of my closest friends was pregnant during the time of senior year of High School. I mentioned a little of her in the first paragraph. She had no idea that she was pregnancy and with all the upcoming events during senior year, she was also stressed. Her other half was not being supportive so this made her stressed even more. During her sixth month of pregnancy, she gave birth at 6 months which was of course unhealthy for the baby. The baby turned out to be only 2 pounds and was very tiny. The baby almost didn't make it.. It was not a pleasant experience. I believed this caused her pregnancy to be short, because she was super stressed by school and her other half. I also forgot to mention, the place she was residing in was not a good environment. In conclusion, when the mother is not taking care of her body, she will likely have a miscarriage and the baby will not be developed fully.
1. One significant learning I wanted to point out for this chapter is the Influences on Early Physical Growth. Physical growth, like other aspects of development, results from the continuous and complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Heredity, nutrition, and emotional well-being all affect early physical growth. First factor is Heredity. The example I wanted to give for this is having poor diet and health. I believe that when a baby is in the mothers womb, the baby is affected to what the mother is eating and not eating. For instance, a friend of mine was not eating the right kind of foods while she was pregnant. Instead of having a nine month pregnancy, she had a six month pregnancy. Her baby became premature because of the lack of nutrition she was consuming. Note: genetic makeup also affects body weight: The weights of adopted children correlate more strongly with those of their biological than their adoptive parents. The second factor is Nutrition. It is especially crucial for development in the first two years because the baby's brain and body are growing so rapidly. The book says that babies need extra calories to keep rapidly developing organs functioning properly. (Trahms & Pipes, 1997). An example of this is breastfeeding, it is something that all mothers look forward to after giving birth because this is the first time their babies will receive the correct nutrition. Breastfeeding has many benefits, babies in poverty stricken regions are much less likely to be malnourished and 6 to 14 times more to survive the first year of life. Breastfeeding is better than the formula milk because the milk is coming directly straight to the mother herself. Lastly, emotional well-being. We may not think of affection and stimulation as necessary for healthy physical growth, but they are just as vital as food. "Nonorganic failure to thrive, a growth disorder resulting from lack of parental love, is usually present by 18 months of age." (Black, 2005). I believe that the mother should be hands on to their new born babies. More hands on than ever because even though babies are not well developed, they can/need to warmth of their mothers or even fathers. 
2. These concepts are important and will apply to the learner because physical growth, like other aspects of development, results from the continuous and complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. I believe that without knowing these high risk factors as an incoming parent(s), a child might be affected undeveloped conditions. Even just eating healthy during pregnancy so that the baby will come out of the mother's womb healthy. Without the proper nutrition during pregnancy and even after pregnancy, a child might not have proper cognitive development. I wanted to share my experience with one of my close friends. One of my closest friends was pregnant during the time of senior year of High School. I mentioned a little of her in the first paragraph. She had no idea that she was pregnancy and with all the upcoming events during senior year, she was also stressed. Her other half was not being supportive so this made her stressed even more. During her sixth month of pregnancy, she gave birth at 6 months which was of course unhealthy for the baby. The baby turned out to be only 2 pounds and was very tiny. The baby almost didn't make it.. It was not a pleasant experience. I believed this caused her pregnancy to be short, because she was super stressed by school and her other half. I also forgot to mention, the place she was residing in was not a good environment. In conclusion, when the mother is not taking care of her body, she will likely have a miscarriage and the baby will not be developed fully. 
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